Site Index
Research, publications, evidence and public resources from Makkah Alliance.
- Makkah Joint Defence AgreementResearch, analysis and live tracking of the Makkah Alliance, covering Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Türkiye, collective defence, regional security, institutions and expansion.
- About UsIndependent research on defence cooperation and the institutions needed to make it work.
- Joint Defence Agreement, Members & GovernanceInstitutional record of the Makkah Alliance and Makkah Joint Defence Agreement, including Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Türkiye, treaty terms, governance, leadership, meetings and defence cooperation.
- Commentary Archive | Posts, Replies & AnalysisChronological Makkah Alliance commentary on the Joint Defence Agreement, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Türkiye, expansion, diplomacy and regional security.
- Expansion, Accession Candidates & ScenariosMakkah Alliance expansion analysis covering OIC accession candidates, membership routes, barriers, defence relationships, enlargement combinations and next-three scenarios.
- Library | Documents, Sources & AnalysisPrimary documents, official statements, verified reporting, the Makkah Alliance Institutional Operational Series, research publications and current commentary on the Makkah Joint Defence Agreement, its members, expansion and regional security.
- Methods & SourcesHow Makkah Alliance examines evidence, develops assessments and handles corrections.
Publications
- What Yemen Could Make of the Makkah Alliance | Makkah AllianceWhat Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Türkiye could gain after Yemen, what each risks, and how a prolonged war could reshape the Makkah Alliance.
- Saudi Arabia, Yemen and the first live test of the Makkah Alliance | Makkah AllianceA public-record assessment of how the Makkah Joint Defence Agreement may operate in the Saudi-Houthi crisis, where territorial defence ends and direct entry into Yemen would begin.
- Collective Defence Is Not Automatic War | Makkah AllianceWhy Pakistan and Türkiye not joining Saudi strikes in Yemen does not mean the Makkah Alliance has failed, and what would actually test the pact.
- The Makkah Alliance Accession Doctrine | IOS-06IOS-06 sets out the Makkah Alliance Accession Doctrine: a proposed method for assessing future membership against commitment, capability contribution, institutional readiness and the Alliance's ability to absorb new collective obligations.
- The Makkah Alliance Capability Framework | IOS-03 | Makkah AllianceIOS-03 sets out the Makkah Alliance Capability Framework for converting national capabilities and bilateral defence cooperation into releasable, interoperable, deployable and sustainable collective capacity under the Makkah Joint Defence Agreement.
- The Makkah Alliance Consultation and Collective Response Model | IOS-02 | Makkah AllianceIOS-02 sets out the Makkah Alliance consultation and collective response model: consultation priority, attribution treatment, assistance requests, national positions, collective response options and institutional decision records under the Makkah Joint Defence Agreement.
- The Makkah Alliance Defence-Industrial Cooperation Framework | IOS-04 | Makkah AllianceIOS-04 sets out a Makkah Alliance framework for converting validated military requirements into co-development, distributed production, second-source capacity, sustainment and supply resilience across Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Türkiye.
- The Makkah Alliance Escalation Ladder | Makkah AllianceA five-level analytical framework for assessing collective-defence responses from national containment through consultation, material support, force posture and direct intervention.
- The Makkah Alliance May Be Entering a Federated Activation Phase | Makkah AllianceAssessment of how bilateral defence channels, capability substitution and distributed national roles may shape early implementation of the Makkah Alliance.
- The Makkah Alliance Operating Model | IOS-01 | Makkah AllianceIOS-01 sets out a detailed Makkah Alliance operating model for warning, assessment, consultation, sovereign decision, coordinated support, readiness and institutional review.
- The Makkah Alliance Strategic Warning and Joint Assessment Framework | IOS-05IOS-05 sets out a Makkah Alliance framework for strategic warning, joint assessment, warning thresholds, information-sharing, source protection and preserved national ownership across Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Türkiye.
- The Region’s Missing Security Layer | Makkah AllianceWhy the Makkah Alliance may matter most between crises as Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Türkiye build institutions, defence-industry ties and regional security capacity.
- What if the next permanent UN Security Council seat did not belong permanently to one country? | Makkah AllianceMakkah Alliance analysis of UN Security Council reform, fixed regional seats, rotating representation and the possible role of regional and cross-regional institutions.